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Students’ engagement in academic-related learning activities is one of the important determinants of students’ success. Identifying the best teaching strategies to sustain and promote nursing students’ engagement in academic and clinical settings has always been a challenge for nurse educators. Hence, it is essential to provide a set of strategies for maintaining and enhancing the academic engagement of nursing students. The purpose of this review was to explore and summarize the strategies that nurse educators use to sustain and promote nursing students’ engagement in academic and clinical settings. A narrative literature review was conducted. CINAHL (nursing content), ProQuest, Medline, the Cochrane, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched. Of 1,185 retrieved articles, 32 teaching strategies were identified and extracted from the nursing literature. We used thematic analysis approach to organize these strategies into five main categories as follows: technology-based strategies (15 articles), collaborative strategies (10 articles), simulation-based strategies (two articles), research-based strategies (two articles), and miscellanea learning strategies (three articles). As a general comment, these strategies have the potential to promote nursing students’ engagement. Among the strategies discussed in this review, the use of technology, particularly the response system and online learning, was more common among nursing educators, which is in line with today’s advances in smart technologies. The collection presented in this review can be used as a starting point for future research to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational intervention on the academic engagement of nursing students. Nevertheless, due to the lack of experimental studies, the optimal strategies remain to be elucidated through future high-quality experimental study.
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BACKGROUND: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) can modulate various biological processes by influencing microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and altering target selection. Common SNPs may alter the processing of miRNA and may be associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the relationship between miR-499A>G, miR-149C>T, miR-196a2T>C, and miR-146aG>C and HCC susceptibility, examining the interaction of the miRNAs with hepatitis B virus (HBV). METHODS: We evaluated the associations of miR-499A>G (rs3746444), miR-149C>T (rs2292832), miR-196a2T>C (rs11614913), and miR-146aG>C (rs2910164) with HCC susceptibility in 100 HCC patients (70 males and 30 females) and 120 healthy controls (70 males and 50 females), using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. RESULTS: For miR-499A>G, the frequencies of the AG genotype and G allele were higher in female HCC patients than in female controls (P=0.02 and 0.045, respectively). The frequency of the A allele was higher in HBV-positive HCC patients than in controls (P=0.019). For miR-149C>T, the frequency of the CC genotype was higher in female HCC patients than in female controls (P=0.009). For miR-196a2T>C, the frequencies of the CT and CC genotypes and the C allele were higher in HBV-positive HCC patients than in controls (P C polymorphisms did not differ between HCC patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS: miR-499A>G, miR-149C>T, and miR-196a2T>C were associated with the development of HCC in women and/or that of HBV-related HCC. They can be considered genetic risk factors for the development of HCC among Iranians.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Alleles , Biological Phenomena , Carcinoma, Hepatocellular , Genotype , Hepatitis B virus , Methods , MicroRNAs , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Hyperlipidemia and dyslipidemia are very common conditions among patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] and associated with increased risk of coronary heart diseases. Physical activity and exercises along with medical management and dietary plan are common strategies to use for the management of deranged lipid profile in patients with T2DM. We aimed to determine the effects of supervised structured aerobic exercise training [SSAET] program on high and low density lipoprotein in patients with T2DM
Methods: This randomized control trial study was conducted at Riphah Rehabilitation Research Centre [RRRC], Pakistan Railway General Hospital [PRGH] Rawalpindi from 1[st] January 2015 to 30[th] March 2016. The inclusion criteria was Type-2 diabetes patients of both gender aged between 40 to 70 years. Patients with severe complications like coronary artery diseases [CAD], and other serious complications like diabetic foot, and severe knee and hip osteoarthritis [OA] were excluded from the study. A total of 195 patients diagnosed with T2DM were screened out and 102 were selected for the study as per the inclusion criteria. All participants were randomly assigned into two groups, experimental 'A' [n=51] and control 'B' [n=51]. Patients in group A were treated with SSAET program of 25 weeks at 3 days a week in addition to routine medical management, while patients in Group-B were on their routine medications and dietary plan. Serum LDL, and HDL were tested at baseline and after 25 weeks. The data was analysed through SPSS 20
Results: Mean and standard deviation of LDL in group A [n=51] was 118.56 +/- 19.17 [pre] and 102.64 +/- 13.33 [post], while the mean and standard deviation for Group-B [n=51] was 116.50 +/- 18.45 [Pre] and 109.88 +/- 17.13 [post]. Both groups showed improvement but, Group-A treated with SSAET along with RMM showed significantly higher [P Value
Conclusion: SSAET program along with RMM is more effective strategy for the management of deranged lipid profile in patients with T2DM
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Objective: To determine the effects of supervised structured aerobic exercise training [SSAET] program on fasting blood glucose level [FBGL], plasma insulin level [PIL], glycemic control [GC], and insulin resistance [IR] in type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]
Methods: Riphah Rehabilitation and Research Centre [RRRC] was the clinical setting for this randomized controlled trial, located at Pakistan Railways General Hospital [PRGH], Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Study duration was 18 months from January 1, 2015 to June 30, 2016. Patients of both genders ranging 40-70 years of age with at least one year of history of T2DM were considered eligible according to WHO criteria, while patients with other chronic diseases, history of smoking, regular exercise and diet plan were excluded. Cohorts of 195 patients were screened out of whom 120 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Amongst them 102 agreed to participate and were assigned to experimental [n=51] and control [n=51] groups. Experimental group underwent SSAET program, routine medication and dietary plan, whereas the control group received routine medication and dietary plan, while both group received treatment for 25 weeks. The blood samples were taken at baseline and on the completion of 25 weeks. The investigation of fasting blood glucose level, plasma insulin level, and glycemic control was conducted to calculate IR
Results: Patients with T2DM in experimental group [n=51] treated with SSAET program, routine medication and dietary plan significantly improved FBGL [pre-mean= 276.41 +/- 25.31, post-mean=250.07 +/- 28.23], PIL [pre-mean=13.66 +/- 5.31, post-mean=8.91 +/- 3.83], GC [pre-mean=8.31 +/- 1.79, post-mean 7.28 +/- 1.43], and IR [pre-mean=64.95 +/- 27.26, post-mean 37.97 +/- 15.58], as compared with patients in control group treated with routine medication and dietary plan in whom deteriorations were noted in FBGL [premean=268.19 +/- 22.48, post-mean=281.41 +/- 31.30], PIL[pre-mean=14.14 +/- 5.48, post-mean=14.85 +/- 5.27] GC [pre-mean=8.15 +/- 1.74, post-mean=8.20 +/- 1.44, and IR [pre-mean=64.49 +/- 23.63. post-mean=70.79 +/- 23.30]. Statistically at the baseline the results were not significant [p>0.05], but at the completion of 25 weeks intervention all the variable showed significant results [p<0.05]
Conclusion: It is concluded that a 25 weeks SSAET program along with routine medical management is more effective treatment in the management of fasting blood glucose level, glycemic control, plasma insulin level and insulin resistance as compared with routine medical management and dietary plan in the management of T2DM
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Introduction: The presence of pathogenic microbial agents and pathogens in organic fertilizers causes health problems and disease transmission. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify bacterial and fungal species present in vermicompost production
Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted in pilot scale in the laboratory of Public Health School in Shahid Sadoughi Univerity of Yazd. Sesame crust obtained from sesame pudding factory and cow manure mixed in three reactors with the dimension of 50 x 30 x 15 cm were used and went under the vermicompost process. Another reactor was also provided from cow manure as the control variable. Treatments were studied simultaneously during 60 days. Experiments were conducted to detect bacterial and fungal species
Results: Totally 18 species of negative-gram bacterial species, i.e., Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella Paratayfi A, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Providencia alkali Fasyns, Klebsiella oxy-Toka, Ponomonya Klebsiella, Citrobacter frondii, Citrobacter Diorsus, Serratia Marsns, Hafnya Olovia, pseudomalle Burkholderia, Enterobacter Peinous, Enterobacter Anrogenious, Enterobacter de Solonos, as well as Neisseria polysakarya, and 3 positive-gram bacterial species, i.e., Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Isteria monocytogenes grew. Overally, a total of five fungi species; Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium, Penicillium, yeasts, and Unknown fungal species grew
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that presence of the organism in vermicompost depends on various factors, such as the action of enzymes of gut earthworms, coelomic fluid secretion, as well as competition between different groups of microorganisms
Subject(s)
Manure/microbiology , Cattle , Gram-Negative Bacteria , Bacteria , Fungi , Fertilizers/microbiology , CompostingABSTRACT
Background GtObjective: Low back pain is a frequent problem faced by the majority of people at some point in their lifetime. Exercise therapy has been advocated an effective treatment for chronic low back pain
However, there is lack of consensus on the best exercise treatment and numerous studies are underway
Conclusive studies are tacking especially in this part of the world. This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of specific stabilization exercises with routine physical therapy exercise provided in patients with nonspecific chronic mechanical low back pain
Methods: This is single blinded randomized control trial that was conducted at the department of physical therapy Orthopedic and Spine institute, Johar Town, Lahore in which 120 subjects with nonspecific chronic low back pain participated. Subjects with the age between 20 to 60 years and primary complaint of chronic low back pain were recruited after giving an informed consent. Participants were randomly assigned to two treatment groups A and B which were treated with core stabilization exercise and routine physical therapy exercise respectively. TENS and ultrasound were given as therapeutic modalities to both treatment groups. Outcomes of the treatment were recorded using Visual Analogue Scale [VAS] pretreatment, at 2[nd], 4[th] and 6[th] week post treatment
Results: The results of this study illustrate that clinical and therapeutic effects of core stabilization exercise program over the period of six weeks are more effective in terms of reduction in pain, compared to routine physical therapy exercise for similar duration. This study found significant reduction in pain across the two groups at 2[nd], 4[th] and 6[th] week of treatment with p value less than 0.05. There was a mean reduction of 3.08 and 1.71 on VAS across the core stabilization group and routine physical therapy exercise group respectively
Conclusion: Core stabilization exercise is more effective than routine physical therapy exercise in terms of greater reduction in pain in patients with non-specific low back pain
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Exercise Therapy/statistics & numerical data , Exercise , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
Background: The Definitive Endoderm [DE] differentiation using the undefined media and non-human feeders can cause contaminations in the generated cells for therapeutic applications. Therefore, generating safer and more appropriate DE cells is needed. This study compared five different methods to establish an appropriate method for inducing an efficient DE differentiation from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells [hiPSCs] on an appropriate feeder in a more defined medium
Methods: Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells [hiPSCs] were cultured on inactivated feeders. Passaged hiPSCs, without feeder, were incubated for three days with Activin-A and different endodermal differentiation media including 1-FBS, 2-B27, 3- ITS and albumin fraction-V, 4-B27 and ITS and 5-like the third medium. The feeder cells in the first four methods were Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts [MEFs] and in the fifth method were human adult bone marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells [hMSCs]. DE markers FOXA2, SOX17 and CXCR4 and also pluripotency marker OCT4 were evaluated using qRT-PCR, as well as FOXA2 by the immunocytochemistry
Results: QRT-PCR analysis showed that after three days, the expression levels of DE and pluripotency markers in the differentiated hiPSCs among all five groups did not have any significant differences. Similarly, the immunocytochemistry analysis demonstrated that the differentiated hiPSCs expressed FOXA2, with no significant differences
Conclusion: Despite this similarity in the results, the third differentiation medium has more defined and cost effective components. Furthermore, hMSC, a human feeder, is safer than MEF. Therefore, the fifth method is preferable among other DE differentiation methods and can serve as a fundamental method helping the development of regenerative medicine
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Background: Incivility among nursing students is a common academic problem. Knowing the causes of students' incivility will enable the faculty members and academic institutions to select correct strategies to deal with this problem. This study was conducted to explore the causes of incivility among nursing students from both educators' and students' points of view
Methods: This qualitative content analysis study was applied in order to explore experiences and insights of 17 nursing lecturers and 9 nursing students who were selected through purposeful sampling and interviewed on the causes of incivility. Participants were selected among students and lecturers of nursing schools in Khorasan Razavi. The inclusion criteria for the students were having passed one educational term and for the lecturers having one year experience of teaching respectively. Data gathering was done using deep semi-structured interviews starting from March 2014 to March 2015
Results: Three main categories extracted from the data were student related factors, teacher related factors, and organizational factors. Non-educational engagement, attracting attentions, lack of motivation, students' personality, and lack of experience were the subcategories of student related factors. Subcategories of teacher related factors included lack of skills, teachers' personal qualities, lack of experience, and incivility of teachers. Finally, the subcategories of organizational factors included no evaluation system for teachers and lack of understanding the organizational rules and regulations
Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that factors related to students, teachers, and organization may lead to nursing students' incivility and clarified its dimensions. In order to develop a civil environment in nursing college, managers and educators' awareness should be promoted via various ways such as workshops
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Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate the microbial quality of the produced vermicomposts and compare them with the existing standards
Methods: This experimental study was conducted as a pilot-scale one, in the laboratory school, some perishable domestic waste were mixed in a reactor, including food waste, vegetables and fruits, cow manure and sludge of wastewater treatment plant. Tests to determine the microbial quality of the product were carried out at an early stage, during the process of production and on the final product. These tests included determining the probable number of fecal coliform bacteria and parasite eggs
Results: According to the results of this study, a significant decrease was observed in the number of fecal col i forms in Sludge manure and domestic waste, as the number of fecal coliforms reduced from 5000000 [MPN / g], in the raw sample to 1500 [MPN / g], eight weeks after the outset. Moreover, according to the obtained results, the mixture, of manure, sludge, and domestic waste had some parasite eggs [20 number /gr] in the raw samples. This amount was fully removed by the process of vermicomposting, during the third week
Conclusion: Findings revealed that the earthworms have a high capability to reduce the pathogens without increasing in temperature, however, in order to standardize the number of coliforms [compost class A], the vermicomposting of the mixture of cow manure, domestic waste, and sludge of wastewater treatment plant is not appropriate
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Introduction: Organic fertilizers are beneficial to maintain and improve structure of the soil nutrients; however, in case of presence of pathogenic microbial agents and pathogens inside them, it will result in health problems and disease transmission. Therefore, present study aimed to determine microbial quality of produced vermicomposts in Yazd city
Materials and Methods: This study was a descriptive-analytical work where 10 % of vermicomposts production centers which were using cow manure were randomly selected in Yazd city and sampling was conducted in spring. In doing so, the desired microbial indices were measured and ultimately compared to the standard A of Iranian compost. Three samples were prepared from each center and in each sampling; 50 g of sample was picked. Finally, total number of taken samples was 30. The tests included determination of the probable number of fecal coliform bacteria and parasite eggs
Results: According to the results of present study, the mean fecal coliform and parasite eggs for all centers were 1272 in confidence interval of 95 % [441-2102] and 0.73 in confidence interval of 95 % [0.32-1.13], respectively. Therefore, the mean fecal coliform and parasite eggs in derived vermicomposts were in class A standards range of Iranian compost
Conclusion: Production of vermicomposts by animal fertilizers in Yazd city not only decreases these wastes but also gives rise to manufacture a strategic and valuable product which is in range of determined standards and is suitable for soil improvement and fertility
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Introduction: Leadership and management are two expected features and competencies for general practitioners [GPs]. The purpose of this study was leadership and management curriculum planning for GPs which was performed based on Kern's curriculum planning cycle
Methods: This study was conducted in 2011-2012 in Iran using an explanatory mixed-methods approach. It was conducted through an initial qualitative phase using two focus group discussions and 28 semi-structured interviews with key informants to capture their experiences and viewpoints about the necessity of management courses for undergraduate medical students, goals, objectives, and educational strategies according to Kern's curriculum planning cycle. The data was used to develop a questionnaire to be used in a quantitative written survey. Results of these two phases and that of the review of medical curriculum in other countries and management curriculum of other medical disciplines in Iran were used in management and leadership curriculum planning. In the qualitative phase, purposeful sampling and content analysis with constant comparison based on Strauss and Corbin's method were used; descriptive and analytic tests were used for quantitative data by SPSS version 14
Results: In the qualitatively stage of this research, 6 main categories including the necessity of management course, features and objectives of management curriculum, proper educational setting, educational methods and strategies, evolutionary method and feedback result were determined. In the quantitatively stage of the research, from the viewpoints of 51.6% of 126 units of research who filled out the questionnaire, ranked high necessary of management courses. The coordination of care and clinical leadership was determined as the most important role for GPs with a mean of 6.2 from sample viewpoint. Also, team working and group dynamics had the first priority related to the principles and basics of management with a mean of 3.59. Other results were shown in the paper
Conclusion: Results of this study indicated the need to provide educational programs for GPs; it led to a systematic curriculum theory and clinical management using Kern cycle for general practitioner's discipline. Implementation and evaluation of this program is recommended
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PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the experiences of nursing students being trained to perform vaccinations. METHODS: The grounded theory method was applied to gather information through semi-structured interviews. The participants included 14 undergraduate nursing students in their fifth and eighth semesters of study in a nursing school in Iran. The information was analyzed according to Strauss and Corbin's method of grounded theory. RESULTS: A core category of experiential learning was identified, and the following eight subcategories were extracted: students' enthusiasm, vaccination sensitivity, stress, proper educational environment, absence of prerequisites, students' responsibility for learning, providing services, and learning outcomes. CONCLUSION: The vaccination training of nursing students was found to be in an acceptable state. However, some barriers to effective learning were identified. As such, the results of this study may provide empirical support for attempts to reform vaccination education by removing these barriers.
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Humans , Education , Iran , Learning , Nursing , Problem-Based Learning , Schools, Nursing , Students, Nursing , VaccinationABSTRACT
Interleukin-17 [IL-17], as a potent proinflammatory cytokine, has a critical role in post liver transplant outcomes. However, there is not much information about the effects of IL-17 cytokine on acute liver rejection. To evaluate the role of IL-17 in post-liver transplant acute rejection. Ninety seven adult liver transplant patients who enrolled in this cross sectional study were divided into Non- Acute Rejected [Non-AR] and Acute Rejected [AR] patient groups. Three blood samples were collected from each patient in days 1, 4 and 7 post liver transplantation. The IL-17 mRNA levels were evaluated using an in-house real time PCR protocol. IL- 17 protein levels were also analyzed in Non-AR, AR and also control groups using ELISA method. The IL-17 mRNA expression level continuously increased in AR patients in all days of follow-up post liver transplantation. IL-17 expression was, however, down regulated after day 4 post-transplant follow-up in Non-AR patients. Both IL-17 mRNA expression and protein levels were also significantly increased in AR patients compared with Non-AR ones. Based on these findings, significant increase of IL-17 mRNA and protein levels in AR patients highlights the important role of IL-17 in acute liver rejection
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Gene Expression , Liver Transplantation , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Graft Rejection/genetics , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA, Messenger , Graft Survival/geneticsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Healthcare staff educate nursing students during their clerkships at community health nursing programs. Their teaching methods play an important role in nursing students' acquisition of competencies; however, these methods have not been studied thoroughly. Thus, this study aims to describe, interpret, and understand the experiences of healthcare staff's teaching methods in clerkships at a community health nursing program. METHODS: This study was conducted using purposeful sampling and semi-structured interviews with 13 members of the staff of three urban healthcare centers in Iran. The data were analyzed through qualitative content analysis and thematic analysis. RESULTS: Multiplicity of teaching was identified as the main category of teaching method, and the five subcategories were teaching through lecture, demonstration, doing, visits and field trips, and readiness. The most common method used by the healthcare staff was lecturing. CONCLUSION: The healthcare staff used multiple methods to teach students in the nursing clerkship of the community health program, which was the strength of the course. However, they should be familiar with, and utilize additional methods, such as discussion rather than lecture.
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Humans , Clinical Clerkship , Community Health Nursing , Delivery of Health Care , Iran , Nursing , Students, Nursing , TeachingABSTRACT
Comprehensive studies on community health nursing education have not been performed In Iran and nursing graduates have limited ability to provide health care outside the hospital. However, education policy makers require a thorough understanding of nursing education for training of professional nurses. The aim of the present study is to review the existing challenges of community health nursing education in undergraduate curriculum, and explore its dimension. In this review study, some medical resources including nursing index, nursing consult, Proquest, Scopus, Elsevier, Pub Med, SID, Iranmedex, Magiran and Medlib were used in order to cover all associated studies. Searching articles from 1991 to 2012 was performed by using key words: Undergraduate nursing education, community health, and review studies separately and in combination. Inadequate productivity weakness of holistic and community-oriented attitude of nursing students, non-applicability and poor training methods are the biggest problems in community health nursing education. Education of community health nursing is of poor quality and absence of educational models and appropriate practical programs challenge its progress against major barriers. The findings of this study have provided compelling evidences for authorities involved in nursing education. We believe that the desirable change would be possible by considering the experiences of students; teachers and employees involved in community health nursing, a process providing better understandings and directives for nursing education policy makers
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Solitary Neurofibroma of the scrotum is an extremely rare benign tumor, particularly when it is not associated with neurofibromatosis type I. To the best of our knowledge, less than 10 cases have been reported in the English literature. Herein, we report a 52-year-old man with the diagnosis of scrotal solitary neurofibroma
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Humans , Male , Scrotum/pathology , Review Literature as TopicABSTRACT
T helper 1 and T helper 17 cells play important roles in immunity against foreign invaders. Differentiation of these Th subsets is affected by state of maturation and cytokines that are produced by dendritic cells [DCs]. Curdlan is a linear [1-3]-beta- glucan and has shown activity against tumors and infectious agents. This study aims to investigate whether curdlan plays its role through affecting the maturation and cytokine production by DCs. DCs were isolated from the spleen of BALB/c mice by MACS method. After an overnight culture of DCs in the presence of curdlan, the expression levels of CD40, CD86, and MHC-II molecules were determined by flow cytometry. The production of cytokines involved in Th1 and Th17 cell differentiation [IL-12 and IL-6, respectively] was also evaluated by ELISA. Lipopolysaccharide [LPS] treated and untreated cells were considered as positive and negative controls, respectively. The results of this study did not show a significant difference in the levels of surface expression of CD40 [p=0.82], CD86 [p=0.79], and MHC class II [p=0.84] molecules upon exposure to curdlan. However, LPS increased the intensity of CD40 expression on dendritic cells [p=0.04]. In addition, it was revealed that curdlan-exposed DCs are not able to produce a significant amount of IL-6 and IL-12 cytokines. Conversely, LPS-treated DCs were able to make a significant amount of IL-12 [p=0.005]. The results of the present study suggest that curdlan has no effect on Th1 or Th17 differentiation while LPS may induce Th1 deviation by induction of CD40 expression and IL-12 production.
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Adherence to diet and fluids is the cornerstone of patients undergoing hemodialysis. By informing hemodialysis patients we can help them have a proper diet and reduce mortality and complications of toxins. Face to face education is one of the most common methods of training in health care system. But advantages of video- based education are being simple and cost-effective, although this method is virtual. Seventy-five hemodialysis patients were divided randomly into face to face and video-based education groups. A training manual was designed based on Orem's self-care model. Content of training manual was same in both the groups. In the face to face group, 2 educational sessions were accomplished during dialysis with a 1-week time interval. In the video-based education group, a produced film, separated to 2 episodes was presented during dialysis with a 1-week time interval. An Attitude questionnaire was completed as a pretest and at the end of weeks 2 and 4. SPSS software version 11.5 was used for analysis. Attitudes about fluid and diet adherence at the end of weeks 2 and 4 are not significantly different in face to face or video-based education groups. The patients' attitude had a significant difference in face to face group between the 3 study phases [pre-, 2, and 4 weeks postintervention]. The same results were obtained in 3 phases of video-based education group. Our findings showed that video-based education could be as effective as face to face method. It is recommended that more investment be devoted to video-based education.
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Simultaneous dislocation of shoulder and humeral shaft fracture is a rare injury, and there is no clear protocol for its treatment. Herein we present a case of a 15-year-old boy, who suffered from a job-related accident and sustained fracture of humeral shaft associated with ipsilateral anterior shoulder dislocation and fracture of greater tuberosity 15 years ago. He received closed reduction of both injuries and coaptation plaster splint for four weeks, followed by Sarmiento splint at that time. Fifteen years after the injury, he has no problem related to the previous injury, and does not experience any episode of shoulder instability